Digital village construction is a key driving force in promoting the integration of agriculture and tourism, playing a significant role in facilitating rural economic transformation, enhancing agricultural production efficiency, and advancing sustainable rural development. Based on panel data from 1,266 counties in China from 2009 to 2020, this study uses the policy of e-commerce entering rural comprehensive demonstration counties as a quasi-natural experiment. By applying a progressive difference-in-differences model and a mediating effect model, it empirically examines the impact of digital village construction on the integration of agriculture and tourism and its underlying mechanisms. The results reveal that the level of agricultural and tourism integration in China showed an overall upward trend during 2009–2020, but with significant regional disparities, specifically ranked as eastern region > central region > western region. Digital village construction has significantly advanced the integration of agriculture and tourism, and the conclusions remain robust after a series of robustness tests. Mechanism analysis indicates that digital village construction facilitates this integration by expanding internal economies of scale and improving agricultural labor productivity. Further heterogeneity analysis shows that the positive effect of digital village construction on agriculture-tourism integration is more pronounced in eastern regions, strong agricultural counties, and areas with well-developed digital infrastructure. Consequently, efforts should focus on strengthening digital infrastructure for agriculture and tourism, advancing technological progress and scale development in a coordinated manner, and formulating localized and differentiated development strategies. These measures can provide innovative approaches to accelerate the construction of a modern rural industrial system.