Natural honey plays a crucial role in the production, consumption, and export segments of China’s bee-keeping industry. Based on a trade data of natural honey from the UN comtrade database from 2009 to 2021, this paper applies metrics such as international market share, trade competitiveness index, revealed comparative advantage index, and import-export price ratios to thoroughly assess the international competitiveness of China’s bee-keeping industry. Additionally, from an external perspective, it evaluates the international competitiveness of the bee pollination industry. Employing the Dual Diamond Model framework, the study further explores the internal and external factors influencing the competitiveness. Results indicate that despite China’s significant market share in the international market, it faces challenges related to quality and technical barriers, which have weakened its revealed competitive advantage. New Zealand, with its high-quality products and strong brand presence, emerges as a major competitor. China’s bee-keeping industry, largely relying on traditional small-scale production, is characterized by extensive production methods that limit the efficiency and quality improvements. The study also identifies that the symbiotic development of bee-keeping and agriculture represents a potential area for growth, particularly in bee pollination services, where China demonstrates significant international competitive strength. Therefore, this paper suggests that China’s bee-keeping industry enhances its global competitiveness through technological innovation, industrial structure optimization, brand development, and talent cultivation.