Promoting the coordinated development of regional economies and solving the "dual structure" issue in urban and rural economic development have always been core issues of the "common prosperity" strategy. This study focuses on the integration of rural industries with the goal of narrowing the urban-rural income gap. It takes data from 110 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as research subjects and uses the Spatial Durbin Model with double fixed effects to analyze the impact pathways of rural industry integration on increasing farmers"" income and reducing the urban-rural income gap. The results show that rural industry integration, with internal indicators such as integration within agriculture, extension of the agricultural industry chain, expansion of agricultural functions, and high-tech penetration, plays a positive role in narrowing the urban-rural income gap. Furthermore, the heterogeneity analysis indicates that the development maturity of central city clusters in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin is closely related to the impact of rural industry integration on the urban-rural income gap. Therefore, different regions need to clearly understand the stage of economic development in the process of using industry integration to narrow the income gap. By focusing on improving the industrial system and formulating corresponding policies according to local conditions, regions can achieve coordinated development and realize common prosperity.