As an important component and main manifestation of China’s socialist public ownership economy, the new rural collective economy is an important path to comprehensively promote rural revitalization and accelerate agricultural and rural modernization. Talents are an important support to promote its development. Based on the realistic background and policy requirements, this paper explores the different modes of the new rural collective economy supported by talents, discusses the main problems existing in the construction of talents, and provides an optimization path of the development of the new rural collective economy supported by talents. Results show that some areas have made some practical exploration on the development of talents supporting new rural collective economy and strengthened the construction of talents from the aspects of talent attraction, talent selection, talent training and talent incentive, so as to make the rural collective economy radiate new vitality. But overall, China’s rural collective economic talent team is still faced with many practical difficulties such as backward quality, imperfect development and training mechanism, insufficient relevant guarantee, etc. Therefore, from the aspects of planning, funds, teachers and technology, this paper puts forward the development path of optimizing talents to support the new rural collective economy, including improving the introduction mechanism of local talents, focusing on the introduction of talents in urgent need, perfecting the talent training system, implementing the classified training system, and strengthening material and spiritual incentive.