Land use transition and adjustment of agricultural production structure have the important characteristics of complex network nexus and cross coupling. Recognizing the network nexus of their coupling process has become a key point responding to rapid urbanization and rural transformation, and it is also the focus of rural revitalization. Based on the statistical data of land use and rural economy in Sichuan Province, this paper analyzed the characteristics and the complex nexus of land use transition and adjustment of agricultural production structure. Results show that: 1) During 1980—2018, the area of grassland and paddy field decreased the most, and the land use change rates were -0.72% and -0.64% respectively. While the urban-rural residence land, industry development land, and forest area increased significantly. Meanwhile, the proportion of grain production decreased the most, while the proportion of the vegetable production increased by 20.43%; 2) The network nexus between land use transition and adjustment of agricultural production structure is prominent. Especially the changes of forestland and water area are highly correlated with the corresponding changes of agricultural products. While the changes of dryland are differentiated, which highlights the trend of the current agricultural structure transition from grain to vegetables and cash crops; 3) The spatial pattern of the network correlation between land use transition and agricultural restructure is obviously different among the five economic zones in Sichuan Province. The relationship between regional agricultural development leading products and land use types is the most prominent, and the rest are relatively weak.