Encouraging farmers to adopt ecological fertilization is of great significance to the reduction of chemical fertilizer applications in China and the development of ecological agriculture. Based on a survey data of 385 farmers in Heilongjiang Province, this paper studied the impacts of farmers’ perceived benefits on ecological fertilization behaviors and explored the influencing factors by a binary logistic regression model. In addition, this paper also discussed the regulating effect of environmental regulation. Results show that: 1) perceived economic benefits have a significant promoting effect on farmers’ ecological fertilization behaviors, while the impact of perceived ecological benefits is not significant; 2) environmental regulations have a regulatory effect on farmers’ perceived benefits and ecological fertilization behaviors. Environmental regulations influence farmers’ perceived benefits by guiding farmers’ cognition, financial subsidies, and punitive measures to encourage farmers to adopt ecological fertilization; 3) farmer’s education level and whether they have participated in technical training have significant influences on farmers’ ecological fertilization behaviors. The distance between the village and the county will inhibit farmers’ ecological fertilization behaviors. Finally, this paper provides the following policy suggestions: accelerating the development and innovation of ecological fertilization technology to promote ecological fertilization, to reduce costs, and to increase efficiency, strengthening policy guidance and financial subsidies for ecological fertilization, formulating a reasonable punishment mechanism, speeding up the spread of ecological fertilization technology, and building an expedite information transmission mechanism.