减氮配施生物炭和炭基肥对红壤设施菜地N2O排放和NH3挥发的影响
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1.西藏农牧学院资源与环境学院;2.中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,长沙农业环境观测研究站

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基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1900902);国家自然科学基金项目(42161144002)


Effects of reduced nitrogen application combined with biochar and biochar-based fertilizer application on N2O emissions and NH3 volatilization from protected vegetable fields in red soil regions
Author:
Affiliation:

1.College of Resources and Environment, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University;2.Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Fund Project:

National Key Research and Development Program Project (2023YFD1900902); National Natural Science Foundation of China project funding (42161144002)

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    摘要:

    过量施用氮肥不仅影响作物生长,还导致N2O排放和NH3挥发,造成环境污染。生物炭和炭基肥作为减排材料在土壤改良和减排方面具有潜力。本研究探讨不同秸秆炭化还田方式配施化肥对红壤设施菜地N2O排放和NH3挥发的影响。以湖南长沙设施菜地为研究对象,设置不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(CON)、减氮20%+炭基肥(BF)、减氮20%+生物炭(BC)四个处理,采用气相色谱法监测N2O排放,密闭室法采集NH3,测定土壤氮含量和作物产量。结果显示,BF和BC处理N2O排放量分别显著减少27.80%和12.27%,BF比BC减少17.70%;BF的N2O排放因子较CON处理降低33.56%,比BC低33.10%。BF和BC的NH3挥发分别减少20.47%和14.26%,且BF的NH3挥发排放因子降低25.40%,比BC减少16.81%。BF处理氮肥利用率提高50.91%。BF和BC处理的土壤NH4+-N分别降低18.03%和11.40%,无显著差异的NO3--N含量。随机森林分析表明,土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N和温度是N2O排放和NH3挥发的重要因素。各处理间鲜重产量无显著差异。BF处理使单位产量的N2O排放减少28.12%。综上,减氮配施生物炭和炭基肥有效减少设施菜地N2O排放和NH3挥发,炭基肥的减排效果优于生物炭。

    Abstract:

    Excessive nitrogen fertilization not only inhibits crop growth but also induces N2O emissions and NH3 volatilization, contributing to environmental pollution. Biochar and biochar-based fertilizers show potential in soil improvement and emission reduction. This study investigated the impacts of different straw-derived biochar application methods combined with chemical fertilizer reduction on N2O emissions and NH3 volatilization in a red soil vegetable greenhouse in Changsha, Hunan Province. Four treatments were established: no fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization (CON), 20% nitrogen reduction + biochar-based fertilizer (BF), and 20% nitrogen reduction + biochar (BC). N2O emissions were monitored via gas chromatography, NH3 was collected using the closed chamber method, and soil nitrogen content and crop yield were measured. Results demonstrated that BF and BC treatments significantly reduced N2O emissions by 27.80% and 12.27%, respectively, with BF exhibiting a 17.70% greater reduction than BC. The N2O emission factor of BF decreased by 33.56% compared to CON, outperforming BC by 33.10%. NH3 volatilization under BF and BC declined by 20.47% and 14.26%, respectively, with BF reducing the NH3 volatilization emission factor by 25.40%, 16.81% lower than BC. BF increased nitrogen use efficiency by 50.91%. Soil NH4+-N decreased by 18.03% and 11.40% under BF and BC, respectively, while NO3--N showed no significant variation. Random forest analysis identified soil NH4+-N, NO3--N, and temperature as key drivers of N2O and NH3 emissions. Fresh weight yields remained consistent across treatments. BF reduced N2O emissions per unit yield by 28.12%. In conclusion, nitrogen reduction combined with biochar or biochar-based fertilizer effectively mitigates N2O emissions and NH3 volatilization in greenhouse vegetable systems, with biochar-based fertilizer demonstrating superior performance.

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张海锋,张靖,王伟,李粤丰,王娟,吴金水,沈健林. 减氮配施生物炭和炭基肥对红壤设施菜地N2O排放和NH3挥发的影响[J]. 农业现代化研究, 2025, 46(3): 590-599
ZHANG Haifeng, ZHANG Jing, WANG Wei, LI Yuefeng, WANG Juan, WU Jinshui, SHEN Jianlin. Effects of reduced nitrogen application combined with biochar and biochar-based fertilizer application on N2O emissions and NH3 volatilization from protected vegetable fields in red soil regions[J]. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2025, 46(3): 590-599

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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-13
  • 最后修改日期:2025-03-17
  • 录用日期:2025-03-17
  • 在线发布日期: 2025-06-18
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