It is of great significance to understand the utilization status of cultivated land resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for grain security, resource ecology and social-economic supervision in the cold and dry areas. Based on the field and UAV remote sensing sample survey data in Hehuang Valley, a typical agricultural area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, from the GlobeLand 30, this paper analyzed the proportion, circulation type, and spatial distribution of cultivated land for “non-agricultural” and “non-grain” uses. Results show that: 1) There is a loss of cultivated land in Hehuang Valley, mainly changed to construction land, forest land and grassland; 2) The spatial distribution characteristics of “non-agricultural” land based on the UAV remote sensing quadrats and the random sampling points were basically consistent. The counties with more serious “non-agricultural” land phenomenon were mainly Huangzhong, Huzhu, Xunhua. The proportions of “non-agricultural” land in the three counties based on the sampling point survey were 18.02%, 15.46%, and 12.28%, respectively. The main circulation types were nursery and abandonment; and 3) In the cultivated land, the two kinds of survey show that the proportion of “non-grain” land is relatively high, mainly concentrated in Huangzhong, Datong and Haiyan. The proportions of “non-grain” land in the three counties based on the sampling point survey were 44.01%, 43.39%, and 37.38%, respectively, and the planting types were mainly rape. Results of this study provides an important reference for the conservation of cultivated land resources and the development of grain security strategies in Qinghai Province.