To implement the rural revitalization strategy, it is necessary to prioritize ensuring the supply of important agricultural products, especially food. The production capacity of grain is related to the level of grain supply and is an important link in ensuring national food security. How to improve the efficiency of grain production and ensure the stability of grain production capacity is currently a hot research topic in the academic community. This article explains the connotation and characteristics of driving grain production capacity with new quality productivity, which enhances the quality and efficiency of grain production capacity through new quality productivity. It has the characteristics of openness, integration, advanced sharing, and green quality, and plays an important role in promoting technological innovation, optimizing factor allocation, and industrial transformation and upgrading of grain production capacity. On this basis, this article elaborates on the diverse logic of new quality productivity driving grain production capacity from three aspects: theoretical logic, historical logic, and practical logic. The theoretical logic of driving grain production capacity with new quality productivity has been summarized from four aspects: innovation in grain production technology, optimization of grain production factors, and transformation and upgrading of the grain industry; Summarized the historical logic of new quality productivity driving grain production capacity in chronological order; This article explores the practical logic of driving grain production capacity with new quality productivity from the current challenges and opportunities. At the same time, this article believes that the implementation path of new quality productivity driving grain production capacity should be constructed from three dimensions: new quality workers, new quality labor materials, and new quality labor objects.