Deepening rural reform is an important measure to break down institutional barriers and promote comprehensive rural revitalization. This article analyzes the internal logic of promoting rural reform with new quality productivity, analyzes the new changes brought by new quality productivity to rural reform, as well as the practical difficulties faced by rural reform, and proposes practical paths to promote rural reform with new quality productivity on the new journey of the new era. Research has shown that new quality productivity promotes rural reform and innovation, and deepening rural reform can break through the bottlenecks that constrain the development of new quality productivity. The new technologies of high-quality productivity promote innovation in rural reform methods, new industries focus on rural reform tasks, and new elements promote deep expansion of rural reform. However, in the process of promoting rural reform through new productivity, there are still practical difficulties such as lagging behind in the construction of agricultural socialized service systems, shortcomings in the digital construction of agriculture and rural areas, and institutional barriers to the integration of urban and rural development. Therefore, in the new era and new journey, we should strengthen the service concept, build a new type of agricultural socialized service system, highlight digital leadership, promote the deepening and implementation of rural digital reform, focus on county-level development, narrow the gap between urban and rural development and residents’ living standards, and optimize the development path from three aspects.