Discussing the impacts of the cross-region operation of agricultural machinery development on agricultural green total factor productivity (AGTFP) provides an essential reference for realizing the general goal of green transformation of agricultural production. Based on a data of 30 provinces from 2010 to 2020, this paper evaluated the agricultural green total factor productivity by the SBM-GML model, and empirically analyzed the impacts of the cross-region operation of agricultural machinery development by the spatial Durbin model. Results show that: 1) cross-region operation of agricultural machinery and agricultural green total factor productivity show fluctuating changes, and both have spatial autocorrelations; 2) cross-region operation of agricultural machinery development has a significant promotion effect on the agricultural green total factor productivity, and there is a positive spatial spillover effect; for every 1% increase in cross-region operation of agricultural machinery development, the agricultural green total factor productivity will be increased by 0.993%, with a local increase of 0.175%, and other areas increase of 0.819%; and 3) In the eastern regions, central regions, main grain-producing regions, and main grain-marketing areas, the direct effect is insignificant while the spatial spillover effect is significant; in the western regions, the balance of grain production and marketing area, both effects are significant. Therefore, it is vital to encourage and guide the development of cross-region operation services for agricultural machinery, to achieve "sharing of agricultural machinery" within the region; to choose the development mode of cross-region operation services for agricultural machinery according to local conditions, to enhance the optimization of regional resource allocation; to enhance the efficiency of the management of cross-region operation for agricultural machinery, and to maintain the order of cross-area operation for agricultural machinery.