Stimulating the intrinsic drive of cooperative green entrepreneurship is crucial for advancing the green transformation of agriculture on a large scale in China. This study constructs a theoretical analytical framework regarding the influence of green entrepreneurship orientation on cooperative performance. Employing a multiple Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model and an intermediary effect model, we empirically analyze the effects and mechanisms of green entrepreneurship orientation on cooperative performance. The findings indicate that implementing a green entrepreneurship-oriented strategy significantly impacts cooperative performance. Notably, green initiative and innovation contribute more to enhancing cooperative performance. Mechanistic analysis reveals that the impact of green entrepreneurship orientation on cooperative performance is mediated through its influence on green resource actions. Heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that green entrepreneurship orientation exerts a stronger influence on cooperatives with higher levels of incentive mechanisms and demonstration. Consequently, the government should prioritize the role of cooperatives as platforms in agricultural green transformation, fostering an environment that encourages cooperatives to actively pursue green entrepreneurship-oriented strategies. Targeted initiatives should include specialized training on agricultural green venture capital for cooperative members, particularly focusing on enhancing the green venture capital awareness among cooperative leaders. Establishing an evaluation system for cooperative green resource actions is essential to stimulate cooperative green initiatives. Encouraging the implementation of incentive mechanisms within cooperatives, with a focus on guiding exemplary cooperatives to explore diverse incentive measures, is also recommended.