The development of agricultural socialized service aligns with the current needs of transforming rural industrial dynamics, thereby serving as a catalyst for rural industrial revitalization. Investigating the influencing factors and driving mechanisms of rural industry revitalization holds significant importance in addressing the bottlenecks of rural economic development and establishing a robust rural industry management system. This paper, based on the theory of division of labor, employs fixed effects regression models (FEM) and mediation effect models to empirically examine the overall impact, indirect mechanisms, and heterogeneous effects of agricultural socialized service in promoting rural industry revitalization, using panel data at the provincial level in China for the period 2010 to 2020. The research findings reveal that the level of rural industry revitalization in China exhibits a pattern where the eastern region surpasses the central region, which in turn surpasses the western region. Further analysis demonstrates that higher levels of agricultural socialized service have a stronger promoting effect on rural industry revitalization. Technological progress and capital accumulation play a positive role in this process, with capital accumulation displaying the most significant mediating effect. Additionally, the promotion effect of agricultural socialized service on different dimensions of rural industry revitalization varies across regions. Based on these research results, this paper proposes corresponding strategic recommendations from four perspectives: diversifying agricultural socialized service, establishing a multi-dimensional input pattern, guiding the production of green industryization, and improving the internal operational mechanisms of service organizations. These recommendations aim to provide clarity on the future development direction of agricultural socialized service and accelerate the process of rural industry revitalization.