Grain security is the most important thing of the country. To ensure national grain security, it needs stabilizing grain planting area and production, as well as paying attention to solving the waste phenomenon in the aspects of grain producing, processing and consumption. This paper discusses the situation and challenges of stabilizing domestic grain production and reducing food waste. Considering China’s current agricultural conditions, stabilizing grain production is facing the tightening constraints of agricultural resources and increasing difficulty of technical progress. It also faces lower enthusiasm of local governments to develop grain planting and producers to grow grain, as well as the restriction of support policies by international regulation. For food consumption, there are many problems, including the industrial chain losses and food waste. This paper suggests paying equal attention to both increasing grain production and reducing food waste. On the one hand, it needs to implement the strategy of sustainable farmland use and innovative application of agricultural technology, which includes strengthening the foundation of domestic production capacity and stimulating the enthusiasm of local governments to develop grain planting and producers to grow grain. On the other hand, it needs to promote the whole food industrial chain to reduce waste.