中国农业水价综合改革政策演变的内在逻辑、现实困境与深化方向
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中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所

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国家自然科学基金青年项目(71803184);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610052022022,1610052022012)


The inner logic, realistic dilemma and deepening direction of China’s comprehensive reform of agricultural water price policy
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Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

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National Natural Science Foundation of China (71803184); the Fundamental Research Funds for National Nonprofit Institute Research (1610052022022, 1610052022012).

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    摘要:

    农业水价综合改革运用政府—市场—社会相结合的现代治水理念,提高农业用水效率和保障国家水安全。本文系统梳理了我国农业水价综合改革政策演变历程及内在逻辑,剖析了改革推进中的现实困境,明确了未来改革深化方向,并提出深入推进改革的对策建议。研究表明,我国农业水价综合改革经历了探索、试点、全面推进和攻坚四个时期。综合改革政策演变脉络为改革目标和主旨导向不断清晰化、改革任务从单一环节突破到全链条深化,改革手段和举措不断多样化。综合改革政策演变内在逻辑为基于改革对象复杂性,不同时期改革目标优先序不同;基于我国农田水利现状,改革采取了先立后破思路;基于我国“大国小农”基本农情,改革必须同时设计好水价形成和奖补机制。但是,当前综合改革还面临资金缺口大、地方政府和农户参与积极性不高、末端用水管理“组织主体”缺位、改革进程区域不平衡等多重现实困境。为此,农业水价综合改革深化方向包括进一步优化水价结构,探索建立合理水价分担机制、精准定价与补贴模式,健全水权制度改革。建议深入研究水价形成理论、将农田水利纳入高标准农田建设、将精准补贴与节水奖励纳入农业生产综合补贴、创新政府购买服务的多元管护机制、因地制宜确定水价综合改革分区域验收标准。

    Abstract:

    The comprehensive reform of agricultural water price (CRAWP) applies the modern water management concept of government-market-society combination to improve agricultural water efficiency and ensure national water security. This study systematically examined the evolution process and internal logic of the CRAWP policy, identified the practical difficulties, clarified the deepening direction, and put forward countermeasures for the future. Results show that China’s CRAWP policy has gone through four stages: the exploration period, the pilot period, the comprehensive promotion period, and the breaking through period. The evolution path of the CRAWP indicated that the objectives and directions have been continuously clarified, the tasks have been deepened from a single breakthrough to the whole chain, and the measures have been constantly diversified. The internal logic of the evolution path of the CRAWP was based on the complexity of the reform objects and the priority was different in different stages. Based on the current situation of farmland water conservancy, the reform took the path of “building mechanism first and then engineering”. Based on the basic agricultural conditions, the reform must simultaneously design the reward and compensation mechanism. However, current CRAWP faced multiple practical dilemmas, including the large gap in capital investment, the low enthusiasm of local and rural households to participate, the absence of the “main body” of end-use water management, and the regional imbalance in the reform process. In the future, the deepening direction of the CRAWP includes further optimizing the water price structure, establishing a reasonable water price sharing, accurate pricing, and subsidy mechanisms, and improving the reform of water right system. This paper also suggests: thoroughly studying water price forming mechanism, incorporating farmland water conservancy into the construction of high-standard farmland, including precision subsidies and water-saving incentives into the comprehensive subsidy system for agricultural production, establishing a diversified management and maintenance mechanism through innovative government purchase services, and formulating a sub-regional acceptance criteria for the CRAWP according to local conditions.

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引用本文

王晓君,陈诺,何龙娟. 中国农业水价综合改革政策演变的内在逻辑、现实困境与深化方向[J]. 农业现代化研究, 2023, 44(3): 444-453
WANG Xiao-jun, CHEN Nuo, HE Long-juan. The inner logic, realistic dilemma and deepening direction of China’s comprehensive reform of agricultural water price policy[J]. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2023, 44(3): 444-453

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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-10
  • 最后修改日期:2023-04-09
  • 录用日期:2023-04-09
  • 在线发布日期: 2023-07-24
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