The Science and Technology Backyard is not only an innovative organizational mode for the development of modern agriculture, but also an important technological support to promote rural revitalization. This paper explains the practical needs of the Science and Technology Backyard from the macro and micro levels, and systematically analyzes its developmental evolution and functional positioning, discusses its operation guarantee mechanism and effects based on the field research, and puts forward suggestions to guide the high-quality development of it. Results show that the emergence of the Science and Technology Backyard complies with the increasing demand of farmers for advanced agricultural technology at the micro level and the increasing dependence on modern agricultural technological progress at the macro level. In the progress of development, it leads to triple functional orientations, including agricultural scientific and technological innovation from bottom up, agricultural social service with popular science volunteer, and agricultural talent training with integration of industry and education. In addition, the triple functional orientations take science and technology as the link to form an incentive compatibility relationship. The Science and Technology Backyard takes the scientific research institutes of colleges and universities as the core, and different goal-oriented interest connection mechanisms have been formed among various subjects, in which a formal system imposes regulatory constraints and service interaction is integrated into social norms and multi-party support constitutes material guarantee to promote the effective operation. The Science and Technology Backyard has innovated the mode of agricultural technology popularization, promoted the high-quality development of modern agriculture, improved the comprehensive quality level of farmers, and created a new mode of agricultural talent training, with outstanding comprehensive benefits. Therefore, in the future, to promote the sustainable development of Science and Technology Backyard, this paper suggests to clearly define the functional orientation, to strengthen institutional constraints, to enhance organizational innovation, and to promote experience. Gradually, the development of the Science and Technology Backyard will take the development road of dislocation, standardization, integration, and coexistence.