Deeply understanding soil properties in root and non-root zones of the young Eucalyptus plantation is very important for optimizing Eucalyptus plantation management. In order to investigate soil physicochemical properties and bacterial abundance characteristics of root and non-root zones in the young E. urophylla × E. grandis plantation, we selected the young Eucalyptus plantation as the research object in this study, collected the root and non-root zone soils at the depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm during winter and summer of 2020, and analyzed soil the physicochemical properties, the C:N:P stoichiometric ratios and the bacterial abundance characteristics. Results showed that the contents of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), soil organic carbon (SOC), and total nitrogen (TN) in the non-root zone were significantly higher than those in the root zone, while the contents of soluble organic nitrogen (DON) and total phosphorus (TP) at the 0-20 cm depth of the non-root zone soil were significantly higher than those in the root zone. The contents of soil water content, DON, SOC of the root and non-root zones, and DOC of the non-root zone in summer were significantly higher than those in winter. Soil TN, TP, and total potassium contents at the 0-20 cm depth of the root and non-root zone in summer were significantly lower than those in winter. According to the national soil nutrient classification standard, SOC content of the root zone in winter and soil TN content of the root zone in summer were classified as the fourth grade and were on the relatively deficient levels. Compared with the average C:N:P of global forest soil, the soil C:N in the root zone was high in summer and low in winter, and both N:P and C:P in the root zone were lower than the average. Therefore, it is inferred that there was C limitation in winter and N limitation in summer of the root zone soil. Bacteria abundance at the 0-20 cm depth of the non-root zone soil from Eucalyptus plantation was significantly higher than that in the 0-20 cm root and 20-40 cm non-root zones. Bacteria abundance in summer was significantly higher than that in winter. In conclusion, the soil nutrients of C, N and bacteria abundance in the non-root zone were higher than those in the root zone. The root zone soil may be in a relative C and N-limitation status. Furthermore, the root zone, the soil depth and the seasonality were found as the important factors affecting soil physicochemical properties and bacterial abundance in the young Eucalyptus plantation.