As a form of deep integration of information technology and agriculture, smart agriculture has become an ultimate option for modern agricultural development in China. However, current research on smart agriculture is insufficient. It is necessary to conduct scientific analysis and accurate pulse on the development of smart agriculture. Based on a macro statistical data and the national survey data of smart agriculture development in 2019, this paper deeply analyzed the current situation and problems of smart agriculture, and then discussed the future strategic path and countermeasures of smart agriculture. Results show that the development of smart agriculture has the characteristics of digital information perception, scientific management and decision-making, intelligent equipment control, accurate factor input and personalized information service. Focusing on the fields of smart agriculture infrastructure, smart planting, smart breeding, and smart supply chain of agricultural products, China’s new agricultural infrastructure has achieved encouraging results, and automatic monitoring of agricultural situation, fertigation, precise breeding, automatic post-harvest processing of agricultural products and others have been better applied. However, smart agriculture also faces some problems, including weak information infrastructure, key technologies controlled by overseas companies, insufficient data resource sharing, and the lack of talents and funds. Accordingly, to promote the development of China’s smart agriculture around the pre-production, in-production and post-production of agriculture and to provide some enlightenment for accelerating the development process of China’s smart agriculture, this paper suggests: to strengthen top-level design of smart agriculture, to formulate supporting policies, to enhance R&D and promotion of key technologies, to promote digitization of whole agricultural industry chain, and to improve the information personnel training system.