With the in-depth reform of the farmland system of “Three Rights Separation Policy (TRSP)”, more non-collective members became agricultural operators, and the performance of the new agricultural management subject deserves attention. Based on a survey data of 617 agricultural operators in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, this article examined farmland use features of different agricultural operators from three aspects: farmland use, farmland input allocation, and farmland productivity. Results show that: 1) from farmland use perspective the production scale of agricultural operators was significantly expanded, and the expansion was oriented to more non-grain production; 2) from farmland input perspective, inputs, wages of employees, and land rent have become the three main cost components; and 3) from farmland output perspective, large farms have the highest land productivity, capital farms have the highest labor productivity, and traditional farms have the highest capital productivity. The logics of farmland use by diversified agricultural operators include: traditional farmers considering farmland as a livelihood guarantee to obtain some safe agricultural products for their consumption and to realize their self-value; large farms using farming technology and local knowledge constantly to improve the quality of labor and to increase the output and the profit of each labor; family farms emphasizing the transformation from the pursuit of land productivity to labor productivity to achieve the optimal operation scale through rational labor utilization and to reduce unit cost to increase income; and capital farms concentrating inputs on scale production to maintain more profits and extending “technology effect” to the upstream sectors and “brand effect” to the downstream sectors. Therefore, the basic trend of agricultural modernization in the future should rely on extensive agricultural technological progress, expansion of farm production scales, and high efficiency of agricultural production.