The development of new type of agricultural business operations brings in a dilemma: grain security and rural labor employment cannot go together simultaneously. Overcoming this dilemma can effectively solve the problem of sustainable development of the new type of agricultural business operations. From the perspectives of grain security and rural labor absorption, this paper constructed a framework to classify all kinds of new agricultural business operations through economic analysis, analyzed the behavior selection characteristics of different types of agricultural business operations, and tried to develop a strategy of taking care of grain security and rural labor employment at the same time while developing new agricultural business operations. Results show that only large and medium sized family farms and large-scale grain-growing households show a stable tendency of grain planting, new agricultural business operations can employ more rural labors when combined with agricultural commodity elements, and the construction of sales-oriented cooperatives can increase the stability of new-type agricultural business operations. In addition, rational and differentiated management of all kinds of new type of agricultural operations not only serves as the key to get out of the dilemma but also can effectively guarantee the progress of agricultural modernization in China. Therefore, this paper suggests supporting moderate scale household agricultural operations and large scale grain farms, strictly limiting the business scope of industrial and commercial capital investment in rural areas, and encouraging farmers to establish agricultural sales cooperatives.