In the context of the new era, stable poverty alleviation and rural revitalization have the unified goals and the complementary measures, and it is of great significance to achieve an organic connection between the two. Based on the process and characteristics of poverty governance and an on site survey in northern Jiangsu, this paper analyzed the logical basis of the theory of organic connection between stable poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, explored the cognitive deviations in practice, and discussed policies to promote the organic connection between stable poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. Results show that since economic reform and opening up, China’s poverty governance has experienced four stages: relief-type poverty alleviation, development-type poverty alleviation, industrial poverty alleviation, and targeted poverty alleviation. The change characteristics was showed three aspects including the transformation of poverty governance in China from “transfusion relief” to “hematopoietic development”, the targeted poverty alleviation follows the “region-county-village-household” evolution path from “area” to “point”, and the goal of poverty management changes from “solving food and clothing” problems to “improving people’s livelihood” and “three guarantees”. Currently, the connection between stabilizing poverty alleviation and rural revitalization follows the internal logic of taking rural industry as the interface, taking rural farmers as the main body, and taking rural entrepreneurship as the means. The north Jiangsu region has done a lot of work in the organic integration of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, and has explored some positive practices. However, there are still some cognitive deviations in the practice of stabilizing poverty alleviation and the organic integration of rural revitalization, which is manifested in developing rural industry with traditional industrialization thinking, neglecting rural characteristics and the status of farmers as the main body, and ignoring the entrepreneurial ability of farmers. Therefore, to achieve stable poverty alleviation and rural revitalization and to promote sustainable development of the rural economy, this paper suggests to derive new business forms based on agriculture, to upgrade new capabilities with farmers as the main body, and to accumulate new kinetic energy with entrepreneurship.