Based on a field survey data of 1,204 farmers from 72 villages in Baojixia irrigation district, this paper evaluated the effects of farmers’ adoption of irrigation technology under different irrigation technology conditions and the agricultural water poverty indexes of different villages and empirically analyzed the influences of agricultural water poverty on farmers’ adoption of irrigation technology by the quantile regression model. Results of the study show: 1）there is a gradually increasing positive effect of the agricultural water poverty index on the effect of farmers’ adoption of irrigation technology; 2）different dimensions of agricultural water poverty have different impacts on the effect of farmers adoption of irrigation technology. Among them, resource endowment has a gradual and decreasing negative effect, water use environment and institutional environment are showing some gradually increasing positive effects, water conservancy facilities imposes an “M” shape positive impact and the ability level is an inverted U-shaped positive impacts; and 3）education level, crop planting area and cultivated land integration rate have significant positive effects on farmers’ adoption of irrigation technology, the Engel coefficient has a significant negative impact on the effect of farmers’ adoption of irrigation technology. Therefore, from the perspective of agricultural water poverty, this paper puts forward the opinion of “two improvements and one enhancement”, in order to provide a useful reference for the improvement of the effect of irrigation technology adoption by farmers.