Understanding the impacts of agricultural information resources on agricultural products’ e-commerce performance under the background of digital agriculture has a practical significance to expand agricultural product e-commerce business scale. Based on the principles of information conversions and panel data of 10 eastern areas from 2011 to 2018, this paper constructed a panel threshold model with the level of agricultural information resource allocation as the threshold variable and explored the non-linear relationship of agricultural information resource allocation level on agricultural products’ e-commerce performance by two logical main lines of farmers’ information transformation ability and rural industrial structure. Results show that during the study period, the average allocation level of agricultural information resources in the eastern region is between 0.4 and 0.5. Among them, the Yangtze River Delta region was greater than the Pearl River Delta region, followed by the Bohai Rim region, and many provinces’ variation characteristics were showing an “W-shape (or M-shape)”. In addition, the impact had a single threshold and positive effect. However, when crossing the “threshold level”, the promotion effect weakened by 49.7%. It confirms that information technology productivity paradox also existed in the development process of agricultural e-commerce. Therefore, to promote the sustainable development of the level of agricultural information resource allocation to the performance of agricultural e-commerce, regions with low levels of agricultural information resources should continue to adopt the information element-driven development model. And then areas with a high level of allocation should shift to the direction of the integration of agricultural product e-commerce whole industry chain technology. In the future, the local government needs to improve e-commerce logistics, electrical energy supply, and other infrastructures to improve the performance level of agricultural product e-commerce development in the eastern region and even across China.