The quality control cognitions and behaviors of sheep producers play a key role in ensuring lamb quality and safety. Based on a field survey data and the cognitive-behavioral theory, this paper analyzed the quality control cognitions and behaviors of sheep farmers in China from four dimensions of input quality control, breeding process quality control, breeding environment quality control, and cooperative coordination quality control and investigated the shortcomings and causes. Results show that the interviewees had a better understanding of the importance of the quality of sheep and had better implementation behaviors of veterinary drug withdrawal period, regular epidemic prevention and breeding welfare improvement. But they had insufficient cognitions of specific input use standards, breeding process standards, breeding environment and welfare standards, and cooperation and coordination standards, which restricting the safe and stable channel procurement behaviors of its inputs, personnel disinfection behaviors, sick and dead sheep and waste disposal behaviors, facility configuration behaviors, ear tagging and information recording behaviors, sheep house environmental maintenance behaviors, and cooperative selection behaviors. Low-level cognitions limit the improvement of behaviors. Insufficient learning of theoretical knowledge, inadequate application of professional technology, inconsistent standards, and weak industrial chain development are the main reasons for the current shortcomings in quality control. Therefore, it is necessary to further broaden the cognition channels and improve the quality control cognition level of farmers, to encourage local relevant departments or industrial organizations to carry out multi-type, multi-shift and multi-subject technical training to standardize quality control behaviors, and to guide the improvement of related industrial organizations to fully stimulate the endogenous convergence power of industrial organizations.