With the improvement of the socialized services (SS) and the implementation of the farmland contracting right confirmation (FCRC), farmers’ farmland management methods have changed, which has an impact on the efficiency of agricultural production (EAP). Based on a survey data of 569 rice growers in Jiangxi Province in 2018 and applying the four-stage DEA-Tobit model, this paper analyzed the impacts of the SS and the FCRC on agricultural production efficiency. Results show that the overall EAP of rice farmers is relatively low in Jiangxi Province, mainly due to the low technical efficiency. The SS have a significant role in promoting the improvement of the EAP while the FCRC showed the opposite trend. The development of the SS can effectively alleviate the negative impact of farmland rights on the EAP. In addition, the age of the household head, whether the head serving as a village leader, the value of owning agricultural facilities, and the number of plots also have significant impacts on the EAP. Based on the above results, to further improve the efficiency of agricultural production this paper proposes the following operational policy suggestions: to strengthen the socialized service system, to expand the scope and to improve the quality of services, to implement the stability of agricultural land property right policies, to reduce the transaction costs of circulation market, and to reduce inefficient agricultural operations.