Education infrastructure is critical public service facilities in rural areas. The evaluation of rural education infrastructure could have important implications for spatial optimization educational public service in countryside region. This paper built an index evaluation system for Putai Township, Haidong, Qinghai to explore optimized spatial distribution mode of rural education infrastructure using models of MCR and field intensity. This system is consisted of rural basic education infrastructure potential, district and service threshold. Results show that the resistance of rural education infrastructure in Putai Township was lower in the middle of the township, along the northern-southern county highway however the resistance was higher in northwestern and southern areas. There were significant differences in potential energy component in education field intensity, showing a form of gradual decline tendency from central villages to the peripheral villages. The properties of spatial distribution of central villages’ potential energy component were consistent with the same component of service threshold. However, the component of both district and service threshold showed higher values for suburban villages and lower values for peripheral villages. Correspondingly, this paper designs three optimized modes of spatial distribution of rural basic education infrastructure, namely reservation and improvement mode, migration and optimization mode, merging and revocation mode. These modes can facilitate allocation and spatial optimization of basic education infrastructure in western rural area.