Soybean is one of the agricultural products with high dependence on imports in China. As downstream processed products of soybean, the trade status of soybean oil and soybean meal also has a significant impact on the supply and demand structure of soybean. To analyze the evolutionary characteristics of the global trade network of soybean and processed products is of great significance for the stable supply of soybean under the background of trade friction. Based on the trade data of soybean, soybean oil and soybean meal from the top 50 countries in 2002 and 2017, this paper built a non-weighted trade network and a weighted trade network to analyze the characteristics of the global soybean trade network, country relationship and country status. Results show that the global trade scales of soybean, soybean oil and soybean meal are gradually expanding, the trade density and the degree of trade aggregation are increasing, and exports are more concentrated than imports. The core countries occupy an important position in the network and control the trade flow to a certain extent. With the development of international soybean trade, the network structure tends to be balanced, and more countries are involved in soybean trade. Under the background of China-US trade friction and high import dependence, China should actively expand the soybean trade market, seek alternatives to soybean oil and soybean meal and promote the internationalization of China’s soybean futures market to reverse the passive status caused by import agglomeration and to construct China’s leading soybean supply system.