Based on a survey data of 483 farmers of Tianmen City and Qianjiang City in Jianghan Plain, Xuan’en County and Xianfeng County in Wuling Mountain area of Hubei Province, and applying the quantile and difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper evaluated the impacts of the rural land consolidation projects (RLCP) in different modes on income distribution and its regional difference. Results indicate that: 1) the local government-dominant mode and the new agricultural management entities-dominant mode RLCP deteriorated income distribution by increasing non-agricultural income, and the deteriorating effects of the latter were significantly higher than that of the former; and 2) the impacts of the local government-dominant mode RLCP on agricultural income distribution were not affected by geomorphic condition, while the impacts of the new agricultural management entities-dominant mode RLCP on agricultural income distribution were positively affected by geomorphic condition. The new agricultural management entities-dominant mode RLCP significantly increased the agricultural income of the middle-high and the highest income groups of Jianghan Plain, while it had no significant impacts on the agricultural income of different income groups of Wuling Mountain area. Therefore, this paper suggests to continue and promote the local government-dominant mode and the new agricultural management entities-dominant mode RLCP, to pay more attention to the role of non-agricultural employment in narrowing the income gap, and to adjust and optimize agricultural structure according to local conditions to increase farmers'' income.