Under the background of the obvious urban-rural dual structure, rural hollowing, agricultural marginalization and farmers’ aging become more and more prominent. Implementing the strategy of rural revitalization has great importance to the development of agricultural industry and rural society during the process of national modernization. The prosperity of rural industrialization is not only the main requirement of the rural vitalization, but also a key to the realization of agricultural modernization. Hunan Province, as an agricultural province in the central region, has lagged behind in the development of rural industry. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the implementation of the strategy of rural rejuvenation with the prosperity of rural industry. However, the rural industry in Hunan is not prosperous enough in the following aspects: “the first industry is not strong enough”, “the second industry is not good enough”, “the third industry is not flexible enough”, and “three-industry-integration faces serious difficulty”. At the same time, this paper further emphasized on Hunan’s rural vitalization strategy, an important part of the industry prosperity, including “the development of modern agriculture”, “the development of new industry and new business model”, and “the promotion of industry amalgamation”. Finally, to realize Hunan’s rural industry prosperity and the rural vitalization strategy, this paper provides the following suggestions: to perfect the policy design from the top level, to prioritize the development of rural infrastructure, to enhance the rural reform, and to improve the policy support system.