By using the statistical data of 2006-2010 year from Henan Province, This paper has a quantitative measure of the reserves, available amount, energy density of the main crop straw biomass resources in Henan Province, studies its geographic distribution pattern and aims at providing a reference for Henan Province' relevant industrial policies. The results show that: (1) the straw physical reserves is 8.97x1011t, straw biomass energy physical reserves potentiality is 1.34x1018 J, theoretically available amount is 1.14 x1018 J. Crop straw distributed mainly in Zhumadian, Zhoukou, Nanyang, Shangqiu and Xinyang district. (2) Based on the particular condition of the straw resources and its distribution, Henan Province is divided into the key development and utilization district (Zhumadian, Zhoukou, Nanyang, Shangqiu and Xinyang), moderate development and utilization district (Xinxiang, Anyang, Kaifeng, Xuchang, Luoyang, Puyang, Pingdingshan, Jiaozuo, Zhengzhou, Luohe), the inappropriate district (Hebi, Sanmenxia, Jiyuan), and the different measures in development and utilization of these resources to every district are put forward.