This paper calculates the ecological footprint per capita and ecological capacity per capita in Jilin Province during 1998 to 2010 by using the ecological footprint theory, and analyzes the dynamic changes of ecological footprint per capita and ecological capacity per capita, finally combines with the models of ecological deficit, ecological coordination quotient, the index of ecological footprint diversity, ecological deficit per 10000 RMB GDP, development capacity of ecological economics system, etc, to analyze the state of sustainable development near 13-year in Jilin Province. The results indicate that, in 1998 to 2010, the ecological footprint per capita increased continuously from 1.7841 hm2 per capita to 3.2013 hm2 per capita and ecological capacity per capita dropped from 1.3535 hm2 per capita to 1.3028 hm2 per capita, and ecological deficit increased from 0.4306 hm2 per capita to 1.8985 hm2 per capita, which showed the development of Jilin Province was in an unsustainable status. In the same period, the ecological coordination quotient was very closely to 1.414 showing that the development was uncoordinated,the index of ecological footprint diversity has been declining in these years, the index of development capacity increased from 2.1429 to 3.0902, the ecological deficit per 10000 RMB GDP increased first and then decreased: it increased from 0.7308 hm2 to 0.9888 hm2 between 1998 and 2002, and dropped to 0.6016 hm2 in 2010. The gray prediction model shows the ecological footprint per capita will increase from 3.4833 hm2 per capita to 5.7022 hm2 per capita between 2011 and 2020 in Jilin Province, ecological capacity per capita will drop from 1.2978 hm2 per capita to 1.2676 hm2 per capita and ecological deficit will increase from 2.1855 hm2 per capita to 4.4346 hm2 per capita. Jilin Province must take a series of effective measures to change the existing mode of economic development and improve the innovations of science and technology, and promote the quality of the people. Otherwise, the ecological deficit will continue to increase, the situation of sustainable development will deteriorate further.