The situation of the eco-poor living in five counties of Qingling-Mountain area had been investigated via questionnaire in this research and furthermore, the sustainable development status of the eco-poor and the influence factors had been analyzed, the result shows that the livelihood situation of the Eco- poor was not optimistic. In addition, the sustainable livelihoods of Qingling-Mountain eco-poor had been systemically demonstrated through the literature study and the theoretical analysis, policies and proposals to solve the problem from the perspective of the public policy had been proposed. In this research, it was pointed out that only by improving the national poverty alleviation policy constantly and making up a systemic sustainable livelihoods mechanism of promoting the eco-poor, the improvement of living conditions and sustainable development of livelihoods could be guaranteed.