Growth and Source of Rape Total Factor Productivity in China under Carbon Emissions Constraint——An Empirical Study from 13 Main Producing Areas

This paper applies the Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index method which is based on directional distance function to re-calculate the rape total factor productivity accounting for carbon emissions constraint in 13 main producing provinces from 1985 to 2010. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) accounting for carbon emissions constraint, the rape TFP increased by 1.76%. It is mainly driven by the forefront technological progress and little by technical efficiency improvement. As a whole, the rape TFP growth fluctuation in different stages and the eastern areas grows fastest. (2) After the correction of carbon emission factors, the rape TFP actually has increased. That means, if there are rigorous and appropriate constraints on carbon emissions in rape production process, Porter's “win-win” effect can be achieved.