Abstract: A comprehensive evaluation of the development level of agricultural modernization is conducive to identifying the problems and shortcomings in the development process and to clarifying the development direction of agricultural modernization in the future. Based on the new stage of the development of agricultural modernization in China, this paper studies the advantages, disadvantages, and application scope of several commonly used evaluation methods of agricultural modernization development level in academic circles by literature induction, empirical analysis and comparative research. In addition, this paper adopts three evaluation methods, including the multi-index comprehensive measurement, an empirical model, and the BP neural network, to analyze the development levels of agricultural modernization in 30 provinces (cities, autonomous regions) in 2020. This study finds that the difference of results obtained by different evaluation methods comes from the different connotation and nature of the evaluation method itself and is also related to the standardized processing method and weight determination method of evaluation data. This research also shows that the multi-index comprehensive measurement method combining subjective and objective evaluation methods is more reasonable than other evaluation methods, and its evaluation results are most in line with the actual situation of the development of agricultural modernization in China.