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大都市远郊区乡村绅士化表征和机制研究——以北京市北沟村为例

Presentation and driving mechanism of rural gentrification in the outer suburbs of metropolis: A case study of Beigou Village in Beijing

  • 摘要: 乡村振兴战略背景下,中国大都市远郊区的乡村绅士化现象兴起,研究该现象能够拓展乡村绅士化的内涵和外延,也为乡村高质量发展提供路径参考。本文以北京市北沟村为例,采用质性研究方法,分析大都市远郊区乡村绅士化的阶层主体和景观变迁表征,探索大都市远郊区乡村绅士化的驱动机制。结果表明,乡村绅士化进程中,中产阶层不断壮大,暂未发生置换现象,参与主体包括外来绅士群体(创业移民群体、舒适移民群体)和内部绅士群体(自我绅士群体、绅士代理人)两大类。乡村绅士化带来闲置资产的盘活、个体建筑杂糅化和公共空间旅游化等方面的乡村景观变迁。全球化时代,人员、资本和文化等要素的流动,多元群体基于乡愁与租差的互动是解释乡村绅士化的重要运行机制。研究表明,大都市远郊区乡村绅士化是旅游驱动下,政府支持和引导,外来绅士群体自发参与,村委会和村民能动参与的过程。因此,提出建立政府、村委会、外来绅士和农民的利益协调机制,完善农村宅基地退出制度与优化农村土地用途管制制度,严格资本下乡准入与监管制度的政策建议。

     

    Abstract: Under the rural revitalization strategy, the phenomenon of rural gentrification in the outer suburbs of Chinese metropolis has sprung up. Studying this phenomenon can expand the connotation and extension of rural gentrification and provide reference paths for high-quality rural development. Taking Beijing's Beigou Village as an example, this research employs the methods of participant observation and semi-structured interviews to analyze the characteristics and the driving mechanism of rural gentrification in the outer suburbs of metropolis. The study has unveiled that rural gentrification is a process of the growth of middle class without displacement. Four kinds of stratum representation modes are formed, including amenity migration, immigrant entrepreneurship, self-gentrification, and gentrifying agent. Rural gentrification brings about rural landscape changes in the aspects of revitalizing idle land assets, merging individual buildings, and touristification of public space. The flows of people, capital, culture and other elements in the era of globalization, accompanied by the interaction of diverse groups based on nostalgia and rent gap, are the key driving mechanisms that account for the rural gentrification. This research finds that rural gentrification in the outer suburbs of metropolis is a tourism-driven process that is supported and steered by the government, spontaneously participated by external gentrifiers, and proactively engaged in by village committees and villagers. Therefore, this paper provided the following policy recommendations: establishing a coordination mechanism for the interests of the government, village committees, external gentrifiers, and farmers, improving the rural homestead withdrawal system, optimizing the rural land use control system, and strictly enforcing the access and supervision system of capital fleeing to the countryside.

     

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