Abstract: Objectively evaluating the advantages of agricultural development and taking relevant measures are crucial to promoting high-quality and efficient development of agriculture, as well as to all-round revitalization of rural areas. This paper constructs a comprehensive index system of agricultural development advantage degree from six dimensions, including natural endowment, agricultural production environment, agricultural quality benefit, management and organization benefit, ecological coordination ability, and industrial development potential, to evaluate and reveal the county agricultural development dominance and its spatial characteristics in Guangdong Province in 2019 by the entropy weight method and machine learning neural network algorithm. Results show that: the spatial difference of the comprehensive advantage of agricultural development is obvious, which is the most prominent in the Pearl River Delta plain. Among the six dimensions of agricultural development advantages, the natural endowment, agricultural production environment, and ecological coordination ability are the main contributing factors. As far as the spatial distribution direction of six dimensions, the natural endowment and management organization benefit are the best in southwest Guangdong, the deviation trend of southwest is intensified, the agricultural production environment is the best in northeast Guangdong, and the industrial development potential is the best in southeast Guangdong. The overall spatial distribution of agricultural quality benefit and ecological coordination ability is similar as agricultural development comprehensive advantage, but the effect of quality benefit on the comprehensive development of agriculture no longer plays a key role. As to the advantage of ecological coordination ability, it is relatively prominent in the south central and northeast of Guangdong Province. According to the results above, this paper suggests that modern urban agricultural area, efficient agricultural area, characteristic agricultural area, and ecological agricultural area should be formed respectively in the Pearl River Delta plain, southwest, southeast and northeast of Guangdong, respectively, to promote the high-quality development of agriculture.