Abstract: Objectively evaluating farmland utilization function, analyzing its evolution characteristics, and weighing the synergy relationship are beneficial to explore the theory of farmland utilization transition. It can provide the foundation for natural resource asset evaluation and farmland utilization regulation. This paper constructed an evaluation index system of farmland utilization function and the land system function trade-off model (LFTD) and applied it to explore the characteristics of temporal and spatial transition and the relationship of the coordination of trade-offs about the national economic contribution, grain security, social employment security, and ecological security maintenance of farmland utilization in Heilongjiang Province from 1995 to 2018. Results show that: 1) The overall function of farmland utilization has shown a downward-upward-stable trend. Sub-functions of farmland utilization have undergone the transition process from the national economic contribution function and social employment guarantee function to ecological safety maintenance function and grain security function. The transition process includes declining period, improving period and highlighting period of the main function; 2) During the three periods of the transition of farmland utilization function, the transition of farmland utilization function in the Sanjiang Plain and Songnen Plain reclamation areas reflects the obvious spatial imbalance; 3) During the three periods of the transition of farmland utilization function, the trade-off and coordination relationship of the functions are trade-off-coordination-equalization. And the transition process approaches to mutually reinforce. In addition, in response to the outstanding problems faced in the transition of the utilization of farmland, put forward corresponding regulation suggestions in terms of improving social security, agricultural industry system, modern enterprise management system, and strengthening the ecological construction of farmland in reclamation areas.