Abstract: In order to explore the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient runoff loss in double-cropping paddy fields in Hunan Province, different fertilization models were conducted in the early rice season. Five modes, no nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer treatment (CK), conventional fertilization(CF), replacement of organic manure(OM), reduced application of controlled-release fertilizer(CRF), and green manure return (GM) were applied, and the effects on loss of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients were analyzed. The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilization mode, the total nitrogen runoff loss of the organic fertilizer replacement, green manure return and controlled-release fertilizer reduction mode was reduced by 12.80%, 16.62%, and 28.55%, the total nitrogen loss rate of early rice with each fertilizer treatment was as follows: conventional fertilization > organic fertilizer replacement > green manure return > reduced application of controlled release fertilizer. The main form of nitrogen loss was soluble nitrogen, accounting for 80.48%~91.96% of the total nitrogen loss. The main form of soluble nitrogen was ammonium nitrogen. Both the reduced application of controlled-release fertilizer and green manure return could reduce the loss of phosphorus runoff in paddy fields. Compared with the conventional fertilization model, the total phosphorus runoff loss model has been reduced by 6.26% and 28.30%, the total phosphorus runoff loss of organic fertilizer substitution mode increased by 26.33%. And the total phosphorus loss rate of early rice in each fertilization treatment was as follows: organic fertilizer replacement > conventional fertilization > green manure return > controlled-release fertilizer reduction application. The form of phosphorus loss was mainly particulate phosphorus loss in the early stage and soluble phosphorus in the latter. In short, among these fertilization modes, the controlled-release fertilizer reduced application mode could minimize the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy fields. Therefore, in the southern double cropping paddy fields, the controlled release fertilizer reduction mode should be widely recommended, which could effectively reduce the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus as well as preventing non-point source pollution.