Abstract: Under the continuous movement of rural labors, it is of great significance for promoting the development of citrus industry and for ensuring farmers’ income to explore the influence of changes of rural labor price, farm income structure, and citrus production layout. Based on a panel data from major citrus producing provinces and applying a fixed effect model, this paper empirically studies the influences of rural labor price and farmers’ income structure on the layout of citrus production in China from both perspectives of entireness and partition. Results show that: due to the negative impact of the price of agricultural labor and hired wages of non-agriculture on citrus production and the negative impact of income structure of farmers on citrus production in the zone of south Jiangxi-south Hunan-north Guangxi, the layout of citrus production in China is moving from the zone of Zhejiang-Fujian-Guangdong to the zone of south Jiangxi-south Hunan-north Guangxi where the rural labor cost is lower and agriculture is the main source of farmers’ |income. The combined impact of the income effect of wage income on citrus production and the inhibitory effect of the total production cost on citrus production causes a kind of slow growth to the citrus zone of middle reaches of Yangtze River and western Hubei, which forms a “westward expansion” trend of citrus production in China. Therefore, it is critical to optimize the layout of citrus production by adjusting the price of rural labor and the income structure of farmers.