Abstract: Straw returning-to-field technology is an important green production technology for protecting farmland resources and for improving the quality of farmland. As the practical users of straw returning-to-field technology, by participating in this form of environmental protection farmers provide ecological welfare to the public and should receive reasonable compensation. Current subsidy policy for straw returning-to-field technology adopts a compensation standard based on cost measurement, which underestimates the willingness of farmers to adopt the technology, resulting in low compensation standards and more difficulties of obtaining responses from farmers. In order to play a guiding and incentivizing role in compensation policy and to promote the sustainable development of straw returning-to-field technology and based on a survey data of 301 households in the Xushui District of Hebei Province, this paper estimated farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for adopting straw returning-to-field technology by the multiple linear logarithmic regression model and examined the influencing factors by the Probit binary discrete choice model. Results show that farmers’ WTP for adopting straw returning-to-field technology in Xushui District is 564.9 yuan/hm2. Five factors, including the years of education, irrigation times, seeking help for problems, the effects of straw returning-to-field technology, and the proportion of WTP bidding value, significantly and positively affect farmers’ WTP for straw returning-to-field technology. While labor ratio has a negative impact. Finally, this paper provides three recommendations on ecological compensation policy for straw returning-to-field technology have: 1) to increase the compensation standard to 420 yuan/hm2 for the household adopting the technology and 6 yuan/hm2 for the relevant personnel; 2) to set up an independent “subsidy service center” to take charge of supervising and managing the subsidies; and 3) to improve the social service system for agricultural machinery and to provide complete services for aging families.