Abstract: Effective rural governance is the cornerstone of rural and agricultural modernization. The key to “governance” lies in “trust”. Thus, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the impact of fairness perception on political trust at village level. Based on a micro farmer survey data and applying the OLS and IV estimator, this research tries to examine the distribution of political trust and the impact mechanism between fairness perception and political trust. Results show that, in general, the village-level political trust of surveyed farmers is between “fuzzy trust” and “relative trust”. And farmers’ fairness perception promotes political trust among farmers, but procedural fairness does not. While the increase in income results in the enhancement of the causality between political trust and procedural fairness, indicating that economic development itself will attract farmers’ attention to procedural fairness. Further analysis shows that with the increase in proportion of fairness perception holders, political trust goes up. Therefore, the local government should pay more attention to income increase. In the long run, as wages go up, procedural fairness is supposed to be emphasized. In order to avoid destroying political trust at village level, “herd behavior” should be avoided by upholding the principle of distributive fairness.