Abstract: Promoting the reform of rural collective property right system is a significant procedure to strengthen the collective economy and to realize rural revitalization. Based on a survey data of 21 rural pilot villages in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, this paper analyzed the difference between poor and non-poor villages’ practice in the process of asset assessment, membership definition, equity management and formation of new economic organizations in order to explore the reform path to adapt to the development of rural collective economy. Results show that the surveyed villages do have same path to the reform of the rural collective property right system. However, due to participating in the village-enterprise cooperation plan, non-poor villages present characteristics like “active docking” and “enterprise plan”; while the poor villages present the characteristics of “government guidance and steady development”. The success of the reform cannot only require the promotion of the government, but also needs the external advantages of enterprise capital and technology injection, as well as the internal advantages of agricultural resources. Therefore, this paper suggests: to build a public platform, to revitalize its own agricultural resources, to innovate and develop the collective economy, to combine social capital and technology, and to optimize the management structure of new economic organizations.