Abstract: The promotion and application of conservation tillage technology is an important means to alleviate the degradation of farmland resources and to ensure food security. Based on micro-survey data of farmers in Heilongjiang Province, and the theory of planned behaviors and the theory of structural social embedding, this paper adopted a Binary Logistic model to analyze farmers’ adoption behaviors of conservation tillage technology and explored the influencing factors. Results show that 57.0% of farmers have adopted conservation tillage technology, of which 47.1% of farmers have adopted deep loosening technology, 33.3% of farmers have adopted no-tillage technology, 28.0% of farmers have adopted straw returning technology, and 8.1% of farmers have adopted testing soil formula technology. Policy support, farmers’ behavior attitude, perceived behavior control, subjective norms, technical service availability, and land management scale have significant positive impacts on the conservation tillage technology adoption behaviors. The age of farmers has a significant negative impact on the adoption behavior of conservation tillage technology. Therefore, this research suggests to develop rural social norms to improve farmers’ recognition of conservation tillage technology, to strengthen the incentive mechanism for technical service entities, including improving the supply ability of conservation tillage technology services, and to optimize the support system for conservation tillage technology.