Abstract: Cognition is a significant factor affecting farmers’ technology adoption decisions. Based on a survey data of 756 households, this paper applied the cov-AHP method to evaluate farmers’ cognitive conflict level, employed the Ologit model to explore the impacts of farmers’ cognitive conflict on their adoptions of conservation tillage technology, and uncovered the moderating roles of information acquisition. Results indicate that: 1) cognitive conflict restrains farmers’ technology adoption, while farmers’ information acquisition plays a positive role; 2) information acquisition accesses can effectively weaken the inhibition of cognitive conflict on farmers’ technology adoption, which has significant effects; 3) farmers’ education level and migrant work experience have negative and positive impacts on their cognitive conflicts, respectively, and improving farmers’ intelligence and promoting their income are the keys to retaining farmers and solving the “Countryside, Agriculture and Farmers” problem; and 4) there are obvious regional differences in farmers’ technology adoption. Based on the above conclusions, to fully implement the preferential agricultural policies of information technology to lead agricultural development and to promote rural transformation, this paper proposes: To pay more attention to farmers’ psychological trends in agricultural technology extension; To refine information infrastructure and to diversify information transmission channels; To put more efforts to strengthen education, publicity and training in rural areas; And to execute differentiated agricultural technology extension strategies according to local conditions.