Abstract: The exit of the rural land contract and management rights is a significant part to deepen the rural land reform in China. Using the textual analysis and case research methods, a study on the exit of rural land contract and management rights based on Neijiang from Sichuan Province is done. Neijiang carried out three pilot programs of the exit of rural land contract and management rights owned by farmers. Results show that there are several problems about the exit of rural land contract and management rights, including: 1) there are no clear official rules to regulate it; 2) the participants’ willingness to give up the rural land is weak; 3) the compensation mechanism to farmers is incomplete; and 4) the collective land ownership system needs to be adjusted. In the future, if more rural households would like to give up the rural land contract and management rights, the contract transaction should be operated in a closed land market in short term. If the majority of rural households participate in the exit of rural land contract and management rights, the open transaction market should be improved. In summary, to promote the exit of rural land contract and management rights, it is important to increase the participation willingness of the stakeholders, to improve the compensation mechanism, to establish the rural land transaction platform and to design an efficient mechanism to identify the collective member in the exit of rural land contract and management rights.