Abstract: Based on a data of selected fixed national rural observation points, this paper discussed the influence of farmers’ off-farm employment and farmland circulation on grain planting structure adjustment. Results show that: 1) off-farm employment has a significant impact on grain cultivation: the higher proportion of off-farm income and the higher proportion of off-farm employment time, the higher proportion of grain cultivation; 2) farmland circulation has a significant impact on grain planting structure, which shows that farmland transfer-in can effectively increase the proportion of grain cultivation, while farmland transfer-out will reduce the proportion of grain cultivation; and 3) the interaction between off-farm employment and farmland circulation shows that off-farm employment is negatively regulated to the impact of farmland circulation on grain cultivation, and farmland circulation is also negatively regulated to the impact of off-farm employment on grain planting structure. This paper suggests that there is no need to fear “non-grainification” caused by off-farm employment and farmland circulation. Instead, it should focus on the “non-grainification” trend caused by farmland circulation. In addition, when guiding farmers to adjust their grain growing structure, the impacts of “people walking” and “land adjustment” should be considered.