Abstract: Based on the unbalance index, the geographic concentration of population and economy, and the consistency coefficient of population and economy, this paper studied the spatial relationship and pattern evolution of population and economy in Yulin from 1995 to 2015. Results show that: 1) the imbalance index of population and economy distribution in Yulin City from 1995 to 2015 was positive, and there were obvious spatial autocorrelations among districts and counties. In particular, the imbalance of economic pattern was obvious; 2) the population distribution of the city is concentrated, and the spatial pattern of some districts and counties is more significant. The areas with high population concentration index are mainly distributed in Suide County, Mizhi County, and Wubao County in the eastern part of Yulin City; 3) areas with high concentration index of economic geography were moving from the Southeast to the North, and the polarization effect of the economy is obviously, which is larger than that of the population. However, the high concentration area of population concentration and the high concentration area of economic agglomeration are spatially separated; 4) in most areas of Yulin City, population concentration is higher than that of economic agglomeration. In the spatial distribution, the economic agglomeration is higher than the population agglomeration type mainly in the Northern district, while the Southern counties are dominated by the regional agglomeration. Finally, from the maintenance of appropriate population size, vigorously develop the economy and the implementation of a reasonable population migration strategy, this paper also provides a framework for optimizing the population and economic situation for Yulin City.