Abstract: The “farm-supermarket marketing” model is an important measure to promote the modernization of agricultural product circulation. Supermarkets are the core of this supply chain model. It is of great significance to fully understand supermarkets’ willingness to participate in the “farm-supermarket marketing” model. Based on the survey data of supermarkets in Shandong, Hunan, Gansu, and others and applying the factor analysis and the ordered Probit model, this paper analyzed supermarkets’ willingness to participate in the “farm-supermarket marketing” supply chain and explored the influencing factors as well. Results show that supermarkets’ willingness to participate in the “farm-supermarket marketing” model is generally strong: 31.9% of the surveyed supermarkets are very willing to participate, and 49.4% of them are relatively willing to participate. In addition, the external pulling force, the joint force between farms and supermarkets, the internal management capacity and the key pressure of supermarkets have positive impacts on supermarkets’ willingness to participate. However, the inertial thrust of supermarkets has little impacts. This research also finds that supermarkets’ willingness to participate will be stronger when the “farm-supermarket marketing” model benefits are more obvious, the resources are more supportive, the constraints of reality are smaller, and the subjective norms are stronger. To further improve supermarkets’ willingness to participate in the “farm-supermarket marketing” supply chain, this paper suggests to enhance the external pulling force, to improve the internal management capacity of supermarkets, to increase the joint force between farms and supermarkets, and to identify the target supermarkets precisely.