Abstract: Applying the model of driving forces - pressures - status - impacts - responses (DPSIR), this paper constructed an eco-security assessment index system to evaluate the eco-security situation of Hunan Province, to identify the influencing factors, and to explore the factor interaction mechanism. Results show that the eco-security status of Hunan Province downgraded from security status to mild warning status. The eco-security index decreased from 0.550 to 0.420, the driving force index dropped from 0.140 to 0.052, the pressure index dropped from 0.204 to 0.007, status index dropped from 0.092 to 0.044, the impact index increased from 0.074 to 0.220, and the response index increased from 0.057 to 0.098. As for the security patterns, the proportion of the cities under mild alert has been increasing and 9 cities were under mild alert. The eco-security degrees in the Centre Hunan, Southern Hunan and Western Hunan regions were much higher than those of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan regions and the northern plain lake areas. Urban expansion, industrial and agricultural pollution, natural disasters, and irrational exploitation and utilization of resources are key factors affecting the eco-security of Hunan Province. Finally, according to the current situation of ecological security in this area, to improve the eco-security of Hunan Province, this paper provides the following suggestions: to perfect urban planning, to enhance land protection, and to adjust the economic structure and management of mines.