Abstract: Farmers’ perception of epidemic prevention directly affects the result of the epidemic prevention since they are the main body of animal epidemic prevention and control in the countryside. Based on the questionnaire survey data of 331 broiler farmers nationwide and applying the multi-order logistic model, this paper analyzed the low efficiency problem of comprehensive immunity and explored farmers’ perception of vaccine effect and its influencing factors. Results show that most farmers understood the vaccine effect to some extent. However, there were still about 20% of farmers having very limited basic understanding of the vaccine effect. This paper also identified some influencing factors of farmers’ perception of vaccine effect. The most significant positive factors were farmers’ understanding of disease risk and their willingness of participation in the joint prevention and control avian influenza, meaning that if farmers have high level of understanding of disease risk and willingness of participation in the joint prevention and control avian influenza, his or her understanding of the vaccine effect would increase. Therefore, relevant departments should strive to increase farmers’ awareness of the risks of the disease and to train farmers to increase their willingness of participation in the joint prevention and control avian influenza system.